Cookie preferences

HundrED uses necessary cookies that are essential to use the service and to provide a better user experience. Read more about our cookies.
Accept all
Accept necessary
search
clear

The Resource Portfolio

Abstract

In this report, we propose resourcing the implementation of innovations at scale through a more holistic approach to how people share and regenerate the energy to enact innovation and sustain quality education. This approach has significant implications for how public and private funders of education might rethink their strategies for resourcing change, particularly by recognizing the diverse types of resources required to support meaningful transformation. We propose five types of resources that, when employed in combination, can sustain the implementation of education innovations at scale: financial, material, social, values, and time resources. Next, we examine ten cases to develop a deeper understanding of how implementation is being resourced when innovations are reaching scale. We specifically look at what drove the innovators to develop their innovation, or their ‘call to action’; who and what resources helped them on their scaling journey; and where they are headed next to secure resources for a sustainable future. We also highlight how the resource categories outlined above (financial, material, social, values, time) show up in the experiences of the innovators. 

Expanding the notion of resources beyond tangible assets, such as capital, is essential for fostering creativity and innovation. Elements like play, empathy, and the joy of nature are often undervalued, but they contribute significantly to the generative process. Moving forward, further research is needed to explore innovative financing mechanisms for smaller organisations, enhance teacher professional development, and better utilise evidence in decision-making. To sustain education innovations at scale, we must recognise and integrate diverse resources, both tangible and intangible, while fostering flexible funding mechanisms. A holistic approach, combining financial support with investments in people, values, and time, is essential for creating meaningful and lasting education transformation. 

References

Al-Samarrai, Samer, Pedro Cerdan-Infantes, and Jonathan D. Lehe. "Mobilizing Resources for Education and Improving Spending Effectiveness: Establishing Realistic Benchmarks Based on Past Trends." World Bank Policy Research Working Paper no. 8773, 2019. https://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/492461552065751695/pdf/WPS8773.pdf. 

Al-Samarrai, Samer and Luis Benveniste. “Financing Education at the Bottom of the Pyramid.” In Learning, Marginalization, and Improving the Quality of Education in Low-income Countries, edited by Daniel A. Wagner, Nathan M. Castillo, and Suzanne Grant Lewis. Cambridge, 2022.

Bergman, Eyal. “Unlocking the “How”: Designing Family Engagement Strategies that Lead to School Success.” Learning Heros, 2022. https://bealearninghero.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Unlocking-The-How-Report.pdf.

Bhatt, Punita and Levent Altinay. “How social capital is leveraged in social innovations under resource constraints?” Management Decision 51, no. 9 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-01-2013-0041.   

Borman, Geoffrey D., and N. Maritza Dowling. "Teacher Attrition and Retention: A Meta-Analytic and Narrative Review of the Research." Review of Educational Research 78, no. 3 (2008): 367-409. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308321455. 

Bryk, Anthony S. and Barbara L. Schneider. Trust in Schools: A Core Resource for Improvement. Russell Sage Foundation, 2002.

Coburn, Cynthia E. “Rethinking Scale: Moving Beyond Numbers to Deep and Lasting Change.” Educational Researcher 32, no. 6 (2003): 3-12. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X032006003. 

Cooley, Larry, and Johannes F. Linn. “Taking Innovations to Scale: Methods, Applications and Lessons.” Results for Development Institute, September 2014.

Cox, Emily, Riitta Katila, and Kathleen Eisenhard. “Institutional Logics of Investors and Startup Innovation.” Academy of Management Proceedings 1, (2012): 12778. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2012.12778abstract.

Darling-Hammond, Linda. "Teacher Quality and Student Achievement: A Review of State Policy Evidence." Education Policy Analysis Archives 8, no. 1 (2000). https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v8n1.2000. 

Filmer, Deon, Halsey Rogers, Noam Angrist, and Shwetlena Sabarwal. “Learning-Adjusted Years of Schooling (LAYS): Defining a New Macro Measure of Education.” Economics of Education Review 77 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2020.101971.

Gonchigdorj, Ariunkhishig, Frederika Warren, Akanksha Bapna, Namrata Sharma, Arnaldo Pellini, and Crystal Green. Spotlight: EdTech: Bangladesh. HundrED, 2023. https://doi.org/10.58261/MISF7076.   

Green, Crystal, and Lauren Ziegler. The Messy Middle: Implementing Education Innovations at Scale. HundrED, 2023. https://doi.org/10.58261/KGIC1847 

Handy, Charles. The second curve: Thoughts on reinventing society. Random House, 2016.

Hares, Susannah, Jack Rossiter, and Dongyi Wu, "State of Global Education Finance: Nine Charts - Another Update," Center for Global Development, June 20, 2023, https://www.cgdev.org/blog/state-global-education-finance-nine-charts-another-update.

Harris, Stephen. "Fence Sitters Need Not Apply." Stephen Harris, February 15, 2018. https://stephenharris.me/blog/2018/2/15/fence-sitters-need-not-apply-1.

Hartmann, Arntraud, and Johannes F. Linn. Scaling Up: A Framework and Lessons for Development Effectiveness from Literature and Practice. Wolfensohn Center for Development, Working Paper 5. Brookings Institution, October 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1301625.  

Heeks, Richard, Fareesa Malik, Sharon Morgan, and Brian Nicholson. “Understanding and Managing Business—Development Hybrids: An Institutional Logics Case Analysis.” Development Studies Research 7, no. 1 (2020): 31–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2020.1777180

Hipkins, Rosemary, and Bronwen Cowie. "The sigmoid curve as a metaphor for growth and change." Teachers and Curriculum 16, no. 2 (2016).

HundrED. “HundrED Research.” Accessed August 21, 2024. https://hundred.org/en/research.    

Ingstrup, Mads Bruun, Leena Aarikka-Stenroos, and Nillo Adlin. “When Institutional Logics Meet: Alignment and Misalignment in Collaboration Between Academia and Practitioners." Industrial Marketing Management 92 (2021): 267-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.01.004.

Jacobs Foundation. “JF ENJOY: The Evidence Navigation Journey.” https://enjoy.jacobsfoundation.org/. 

Kumar, P. M., and P. S. Aithal. “Importance of Time as Resource in Managing Organizations.” Proceedings of National Conference on Recent Advances in Technological Innovations in IT, Management, Education & Social Sciences (2019): 45-52. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3513000. 

Lee, Frederic S. Heterodox Economics. In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_2487-1. 

Leponiemi, Lasse. “Innovators Funding Needs For Education Innovations - What kind of funding is needed for scaling up education innovations?” HundrED, 2019. https://doi.org/10.58261/NBMX7345. 

List, John A. The Voltage Effect: How to Make Good Ideas Great and Great Ideas Scale. Currency, 2022.

Lumadi, Mutendwahothe Walter. "School Finance Reform for Curriculum Innovation: An Equity Prospect." South African Journal of Education 40, no. 4 (November 2020): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v40n4a2027. 

Mapp, Karen L., and Shakeya H. McDow. Family Engagement Playbook: A Toolkit for Equitable Family-School Partnerships. The Brookings Institution, October 2021. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Family_School_Engagement_Playbook_FINAL.pdf. 

Mascagni, Giulia, Mick Moore, and Rhiannon McCluskey. Tax Revenue Mobilisation in Developing Countries: Issues and Challenges. European Union, April 2014. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2014/433849/EXPO-DEVE_ET(2014)433849_EN.pdf. 

McAnnally-Linz, Heidi, Bethany Park, and Radha Rajkotia. “Putting Evidence to Use.” Stanford Social Innovation Review 19, no. 4 (2021): 59–60. https://doi.org/10.48558/BNNG-TN37. 

McLean, Robert, and John Gargani. Scaling Impact: Innovation for the Public Good. Routledge, 2019. 

Mickelsson, Martin, and Anna Danielsson. "Scaling and Subjectification in an ESD Educational Project." Journal of Education for Sustainable Development 12, no. 1 (2018): 28-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973408218773268.  

Moore, Michele-Lee, Darcy Riddel, and Dana Vocisano. “Scaling Out, Scaling Up, Scaling Deep: Strategies of Non-profits in Advancing Systemic Social Innovation.” The Journal of Corporate Citizenship 58, (2015): 67–84. http://www.jstor.org/stable/jcorpciti.58.67. 

Morris, Emily Markovich and Ghulam Omar Qargha. "In the Quest to Transform Education, Putting Purpose at the Center Is Key." Brookings Institution, 2023. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/in-the-quest-to-transform-education-putting-purpose-at-the-center-is-key/. 

Multiple sources compiled by World Bank. “Government expenditure on education, total (% of government expenditure).” Processed by Our World in Data. UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2024. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/share-of-education-in-government-expenditure

Multiple sources compiled by World Bank. “Public spending on education as a share of GDP.” Processed by Our World in Data. World Bank Education Statistics (EdStats), 2023. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/total-government-expenditure-on-education-gdp

Murray, Robin, Julie Caulier-Grice, and Geoff Mulgan. The Open Book of Social Innovation. National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts (NESTA) and The Young Foundation, 2010.

NESTA. Using Research Evidence for Success: A Practice Guide. National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts (NESTA), 2016.

Pache, Anne-Claire, and Filipe Santos. "Inside the Hybrid Organization: Selective Coupling as a Response to Competing Institutional Logics." Academy of Management Journal 56, no. 4 (2012): 972-1001. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0405.

Panayotakis, Costas. “Theorizing Scarcity: Neoclassical Economics and its Critics.” Review of Radical Political Economics 45, no. 2 (2013): 183-200, https://doi.org/10.1177/0486613412458649. 

Patil, Lara. “The Business of Development: The Institutional Rationales of Technology Corporations in Educational Development.” International Journal of Educational Development 97, (2023):102712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2022.102712.

Rogers, Everett M. Diffusion of Innovations, 5th ed. Free Press, 2003.

Roser, Max, and Esteban Ortiz-Ospina. "Education Spending." OurWorldInData.org. 2016. https://ourworldindata.org/financing-education. 

Sturla, Kate. "Five Ways Funders Can Support Emerging Innovations," Innovations for Poverty Action, March 1, 2024. https://poverty-action.org/five-ways-funders-can-support-emerging-innovations 

UNESCO Institute for Statistics. "Education - Other policy relevant indicators," https://data.uis.unesco.org/

Vickers, Ian, Fergus Lyon, Leandro Sepulveda, and Caitlin McMullin. "Public Service Innovation and Multiple Institutional Logics: The Case of Hybrid Social Enterprise Providers of Health and Wellbeing." Research Policy 46, no. 9 (2017): 1755-1768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.08.003. 

Wils, Annababette, Gabrielle Bonnet, and Brossard Mathieu. “Investment Case for Education and Equity.” UNICEF, 2015. https://www.unicef.org/media/50936/file/Investment_Case_for_Education_and_Equity-ENG.pdf.    

World Bank. Education Public Expenditure Review Guidelines. World Bank, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10986/27264. 

World Bank, Global Education Monitoring Report, and UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Education Finance Watch 2023. World Bank, 2023. https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/brief/education-finance-watch. 




Publication Date
September 20, 2024
Authors
Crystal Green, Fares Georges Khalil, Lauren Ziegler, and Ariunkhishig Gonchigdorj
Cite this
Green, Crystal, Fares Georges Khalil, Lauren Ziegler, and Ariunkhishig Gonchigdorj. The Resource Portfolio: Maximising Investments in Education Innovation. Helsinki: HundrED, 2024. https://hundred.org/en/reports/ doi: https://doi.org/10.58261/OMYS3131
save_alt Download PDF
share
Share
content_copy Copy PDF link
DOI
https://doi.org/10.58261/OMYS3131
All HundrED Reports

HundrED Reports

Dive into our research reports to find evidence-based solutions to global challenges.

HundrED Research

How do we evaluate the impact and scalability of education innovations? Learn more about our research methods.