This paper introduces a research agenda on the implementation of education innovations in primary and secondary schools around the world. We are especially interested in how innovations are implemented at scale and the role of implementation actors in this process. To address the need for a greater understanding of and focus on implementation, we announced the HundrED Implementation Centre for Education Innovation in February 2023.
The new Centre is planned to be part of the HundrED Foundation instituted in Geneva, Switzerland, and it will support the spread of education innovation through four pillars: research, practitioner support, practical methodologies, and systems leadership. Under the research pillar of the Centre, HundrED will conduct empirical research that explores innovation implementation at scale in public and private K-12 education in low, middle, and high income countries. We hope this report will invite discussion and debate as well as inspire new collaborators to join us.
Ansari, Shahzad M., Peer C. Fiss, and Edward J. Zajac. 2010. “Made to fit: How practices vary as they diffuse.” Academy of management review 35, no. 1 (January): 67-92. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.35.1.zok67
Amarante, Verónica, Ronelle Burger, Grieve Chelwa, John Cockburn, Ana Kassouf, Andrew McKay and Julieta Zurbrigg. 2022. “Underrepresentation of developing country researchers in development research.” Applied Economics Letters 29, no.17: 1659-1664. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2021.1965528
Béteille, Tara, and David K. Evans. 2019. Successful Teachers, Successful Students: Recruiting and Supporting Society’s Most Crucial Profession. World Bank Group. https://doi.org/10.1596/37474
Castillo, Nathan M., Daniel A. Wagner, Ghaida S. Alrawashdeh, and Carl Moog. 2023. Edtech and Marginalisation: Scaling for Learning Equity. Background Paper for the Global Education Monitoring Report. UNESCO.
Christensen, Clayton M. 1997. The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0737-6782(97)00073-8
Cohen, David K., and Deborah Loewenberg Ball. 1999. Instruction, capacity, and improvement. Philadelphia: Consortium for Policy Research in Education. https://doi.org/10.1037/e382692004-001
Cooley, Larry, and Jenny Perlman Robinson. 2021. “Designing for scale: A worksheet for developing a scaling strategy in education.” Education Plus Development (blog), The Brookings Institution, July 7, 2021.
Ding, Cody and Helene Sherman. 2006. “Teaching Effectiveness and Student Achievement: Examining the Relationship.” Educational Research Quarterly 29, no. 4 (June): 40-51.
Drucker, Peter F. 1993. Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles. New York: HarperBusiness. https://doi.org/10.2307/3380320
HundrED. 2023. “The new HundrED Implementation Centre for Education Innovation focuses on the scaling of innovations” Helsinki: HundrED, Februray 15, 2023.
HundrED. 2022. “Thinking creatively about educational futures | HundrED Innovation Summit.” YouTube video, 1:06:35, October 27, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-GnGFAHaE4
“HundrED Research.” Helsinki: HundrED. https://hundred.org/en/research
Leponiemi, Lasse, Noora Ruoho, and Saku Tuominen. 2020. Development of an Innovation-Friendly Education System. Helsinki: HundrED. https://doi.org/10.58261/HBFX7261
Liebowitz, David D. and Lorna Porter. 2019. “The effect of principal behaviors on student, teacher, and school outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical literature.” Review of Educational Research 89, no. 5 (October): 785-827. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654319866133
McLean, Robert, and John Gargani. 2019. Scaling impact: innovation for the public good. Routledge.
McClure, Dan, and Ian Gray. 2019. Scaling: Innovation’s Missing Middle. ThoughtWorks, May 2019.
Murry, Robyn, Julie Caulier-Grice, and Geoff Mulgan. 2010. The Open Book of Social Innovation. London: NESTA and the Young Foundation.
Moore, Michele-Lee, Darcy Riddell, and Dana Vocisano. 2015 “Scaling Out, Scaling Up, Scaling Deep: Strategies of Non-profits in Advancing Systemic Social Innovation.” The Journal of Corporate Citizenship, no. 58 (June): 67-84.
Oper, Isaac M. 2019. Teachers Matter: Understanding Teachers’ Impact on Student Achievement. RAND Corporation.
NESTA. Making it Big: Strategies for Scaling Social Innovations. London: NESTA.
Perlman Robinson, Jenny, Molly Curtis, and Patrick Hanahan. 2020. “Five emerging insights on scale and systems change in education.” Education Plus Development (blog), The Brookings Institution, June 24, 2020.
Rogers, Everett M. 2003. Diffusion of Innovations, 5th ed. New York: Free Press.
Sahlberg, Pasi. 2012. Quality and Equity in Finnish Schools. School Administrator.
Schaffar, Birgit. 2009. Allgemeine Pädagogik im Zwiespalt: zwischen epistemologischer Neutralität und moralischer Einsicht. [General pedagogy in conflict: between epistemological neutrality and moral insight]. Würzburg: Eron. https://doi.org/10.30965/25890581-08701016
Sengeh, David, and Rebecca Winthrop. 2022. Transforming education systems: Why, what, and how. The Brookings Institution.
Supovitz, Jonathan, Philip Sirinides, and Henry May. 2010 “How principals and peers influence teaching and learning.” Educational Administration Quarterly 46, no. 1 (February). https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670509353043
VVOB, 2021. Moving education innovations from pilot to scale. Technical Brief No. 6. Brussels: VVOB.
Winthrop, Rebecca, Adam Barton and Eileen McGivney. 2018. Leapfrogging Inequality: Remaking Education to Help Young People Thrive. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
